The Vermont Statutes Online

Title 32 : Taxation and Finance

Chapter 135 : Education Property Tax

• § 5405. Determination of equalized education property tax grand list and coefficient of dispersion

  [Subsection (a) effective until January 1, 2031; see also subsection (a) effective January 1, 2031, set out below.]

  (a) Annually, on or before April 1, the Commissioner shall determine the equalized education property tax grand list and coefficient of dispersion for each municipality in the State; provided, however, that for purposes of equalizing grand lists pursuant to this section, the equalized education property tax grand list of a municipality that establishes a tax increment financing district or a housing development site under 24 V.S.A. chapter 53, subchapter 7 shall include the fair market value of the property in the district or site and not the original taxable value of the property, and further provided that the unified towns and gores of Essex County may be treated as one municipality for the purpose of determining an equalized education property grand list and a coefficient of dispersion, if the Director determines that all such entities have a uniform appraisal schedule and uniform appraisal practices.

  [Subsection (a) effective January 1, 2031; see also subsection (a) effective until January 1, 2031, set out above.]

  (a)(1) Annually, on or before April 1, the Commissioner shall determine the equalized education property tax grand list and coefficient of dispersion for each municipality in the State; provided, however, that for purposes of equalizing grand lists pursuant to this section, the equalized education property tax grand list of a municipality that establishes a tax increment financing district shall include the fair market value of the property in the district and not the original taxable value of the property, and further provided that the unified towns and gores of Essex County may be treated as one municipality for the purpose of determining an equalized education property grand list and a coefficient of dispersion, if the Director determines that all such entities have a uniform appraisal schedule and uniform appraisal practices.

  (2) All municipalities within a regional assessment district shall be treated as a single entity for purposes of the equalization process under this section, provided at least one simultaneous full reappraisal has been completed by the member municipalities of the regional assessment district as determined by the Director under subsection 3417(c) of this title.

  (b) The sum of all municipal equalized education property tax grand lists shall be the equalized education property tax grand list for the State.

  [Subsection (c) effective until July 1, 2031; see also subsection (c) effective July 1, 2031, set out below.]

  (c) In determining the fair market value of property that is required to be listed at fair market value, the Commissioner shall take into consideration those factors required by section 3481 of this title. The Commissioner shall value property as of April 1 preceding the determination and shall take account of all homestead declaration information available before October 1 each year.

  [Subsection (c) effective July 1, 2031; see also subsection (c) effective until July 1, 2031, set out above.]

  (c) In determining the fair market value of property that is required to be listed at fair market value, the Commissioner shall take into consideration those factors required by section 3481 of this title. The Commissioner shall value property as of January 1 preceding the determination and shall take account of all homestead declaration information available before October 1 each year.

  (d) Any determination of fair market value made by the Commissioner under this section shall be based upon such methods as, in the judgment of the Commissioner and in view of the resources available for that purpose, shall be appropriate to support that determination. If the common level of appraisal is calculated using the weighted mean of ratios, any outlier shall be carefully reviewed and deleted if it will significantly affect the weighted mean, particularly if the outlier is a high-value property.

  (e) Individual appraisals performed by the Division of Property Valuation and Review may be used to supplement actual sales when necessary to obtain a representative sample.

  (f) Within the limits of the resources available for that purpose, the Commissioner may employ such individuals, whether on a permanent, temporary, or contractual basis, as shall be necessary, in the judgment of the Commissioner, to aid in the performance of duties under this section. The Commissioner shall pay each municipality the sum of $1.00 per grand list parcel in the municipality for services provided to the Commissioner in connection with the performance of duties under this section. Each municipality shall deposit payments received under this subsection into a special fund that shall be used to support the preparation of the education property tax grand list.

  [Subsection (g) effective until contingency met; see also subsection (g) effective July 1, 2029 if contingency met, set out below.]

  (g) The Commissioner shall provide to municipalities for the front of property tax bills the district homestead property tax rate before equalization, the nonhomestead tax rate before equalization, and the calculation process that creates the equalized homestead and nonhomestead tax rates. The Commissioner shall further provide to municipalities for the back of property tax bills an explanation of the common level of appraisal, including its origin and purpose.

  [Subsection (g) effective July 1, 2029 if contingency met; see also subsection (g) effective until contingency met, set out above.]

  (g) The Commissioner shall provide to municipalities for the front of property tax bills the statewide education tax rate before equalization and the calculation process that creates the equalized homestead and nonhomestead tax rates. The Commissioner shall further provide to municipalities for the back of property tax bills an explanation of the common level of appraisal, including its origin and purpose. (Added 1997, No. 60, § 45, eff. Jan. 1, 1998; amended 1999, No. 49, §§ 19, 49, eff. June 2, 1999; 2003, No. 68, §§ 41, 85, eff. June 18, 2003; 2003 No. 68, § 85, eff. for fiscal year 2005; 2003, No. 76 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Feb. 17, 2004; 2003, No. 76 (Adj. Sess.), § 28, eff. Jan. 1, 2004; 2009, No. 160 (Adj. Sess.), § 14, eff. June 4, 2010; 2013, No. 73, § 39, eff. June 5, 2013; 2019, No. 51, § 27; 2019, No. 175 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. Oct. 8, 2020; 2021, No. 20, § 268; 2025, No. 73, § 50, contingently eff. July 1, 2029; 2025, No. 91 (Adj. Sess.), § 129, eff. April 30, 2026; 2025, No. 164 (Adj. Sess.), § 7, eff. June 18, 2026; 2025, No. 164 (Adj. Sess.), § 47, eff. July 1, 2031; 2025, No. 170 (Adj. Sess.), § 32, eff. January 1, 2031.)