The Vermont Statutes Online

Title 10 Appendix : Vermont Fish and Wildlife Regulations

Chapter 001 : Game

Subchapter 001 : GENERAL PROVISIONS

• § 10. Vermont endangered and threatened species rule

  1.0 Authority

  This rule is adopted pursuant to 10 V.S.A. Chapter 123 which provides that the Secretary “shall adopt by rule a State endangered species list and a State threatened species list,” and may “adopt rules for the protection, conservation, or recovery of endangered and threatened species.”

  2.0 Purpose

  The purpose of this rule is to identify and list species of wild plants and animals and designate critical habitats that have been determined by the Secretary to require protection under Vermont law. The rule also sets out a process for the issuance of permits for the taking and possession of endangered and threatened species and the destruction or adverse impact to designated critical habitat.

  3.0 Definitions

  3.1 “Accepted silvicultural practices” means the accepted silvicultural practices defined by the Commissioner of Forests, Parks and Recreation, including the Acceptable Management Practices for Maintaining Water Quality on Logging Jobs in Vermont adopted by the Commissioner of Forests, Parks and Recreation.

  3.2 “Critical habitat” for a threatened species or endangered species means: (A) a delineated location within the geographical area occupied by the species that: (i) has the physical or biological features that are identifiable, concentrated, and decisive to the survival of a population of the species; and (ii) is necessary for the conservation or recovery of the species; and (iii) may require special management considerations or protection; or (B) a delineated location outside the geographical area occupied by a species at the time it is listed under 10 V.S.A. § 5402, Vermont Endangered and Threatened Species Rule that: (i)(I) was historically occupied by a species; or (II) contains habitat that is hydrologically connected or directly adjacent to occupied habitat; and (ii) contains habitat that is identifiable, concentrated, and decisive to the continued survival of a population of the species; and (iii) is necessary for the conservation or recovery of the species.

  3.3 “Destroy or adversely impact” means, with respect to critical habitat, a direct or indirect activity that negatively affects the value of critical habitat for the survival, conservation, or recovery of a listed threatened or endangered species.

  3.4 “Endangered Species” means a species that has been listed as endangered by the Secretary because the species normally occurs in the State and its continued existence as a sustainable component of the State’s wildlife or wild plants is in jeopardy, or it is listed as an “endangered species” under the federal Endangered Species Act.

  3.5 “Farming” shall have the same meaning as used in 10 V.S.A. § 6001(22) of this title.

  3.6 “Forestry operations” means activities related to the management of forests, including a timber harvest; pruning; planting; reforestation; pest, disease, and invasive species control; wildlife habitat management; and fertilization. “Forestry operations” include the primary processing of forest products of commercial value on a parcel where the timber harvest occurs.

  3.7 “Habitat” means the physical and biological environment in which a particular species of plant or animal lives.

  3.8 “Harming,” as used in the definition of “take” or “taking” in this rule means: an act that kills or injures a threatened or endangered species; or the destruction or imperilment of habitat that kills or injures a threatened or endangered species by significantly impairing continued survival or essential behavioral patterns, including reproduction, feeding, or sheltering.

  3.9 “Plant” means any member of the plant kingdom, including seeds, roots, and other parts thereof. As used in this rule, plants shall include fungi.

  3.10 “Possession” means holding, controlling, exporting, importing, processing, selling, offering to sell, delivering, carrying, transporting, or shipping by any means a member of a species.

  3.11 “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources except where otherwise specified.

  3.12 “Take and taking”

  (a) With respect to wildlife designated a threatened or endangered species, means: (1) pursuing, shooting, hunting, killing, capturing, trapping, harming, snaring, or netting wildlife; (2) an act that creates a risk of injury to wildlife, whether or not the injury occurs, including harassing, wounding, or placing, setting, drawing, or using any net or other device used to take animals; or (3) attempting to engage in or assisting another to engage in an act set forth under subdivision (1) or (2) of this subdivision.

  (b) With respect to a wild plant designated a threatened or endangered species, means uprooting, transplanting, gathering seeds or fruit, cutting, injuring, harming, or killing or any attempt to do the same or assisting another who is doing or attempting to do the same.

  3.13 “Threatened Species” means a species that has been listed as threatened by the Secretary because the species is a sustainable component of the State’s wildlife or wild plants; it is reasonable to conclude based on available information that its numbers are declining; and unless protected, it will become an endangered species or, a species determined to be a “threatened species” under the federal Endangered Species Act.

  4.0 Critical Habitat Designations

  4.1 “Critical habitat,” as defined in 10 V.S.A. § 5401(4) and 10 V.S.A. § 5402a, has been designated for the following locations:

  (a) Three (3) Common Tern Nesting Islands.

  (b) Four (4) Spiny Softshell Nesting Areas.

  (c) One (1) Bat Hibernaculum.

  5.0 Permits for Taking and Possession

  5.1 No person shall take or possess an endangered or threatened species without a permit, unless exempt as provided for in 10 V.S.A. § 5408(d) and as follows:

  (a) No enforcement shall be taken, and no permit shall be required for the taking of listed threatened or endangered plants in instances where the plants are legally acquired and exist in a cultivated state or are artificially propagated (produced and grown under controlled conditions or originated from cultivated parental stock); unless the plants are cultivated or artificially propagated as part of a recovery plan or, for mitigation purposes in accordance with a takings permit, a directive of the Secretary, or an enforcement action.

  (b) Prior to requiring a permit or initiating enforcement for the taking of any threatened or endangered bee(s), the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources shall:

  1. notify affected landowners and persons who are engaged in activities that may result in taking the threatened or endangered bees of the presence of threatened or endangered bees and the requirement to avoid taking the bees or to obtain a permit; and

  2. notify and consult with affected or interested state agencies including as applicable: the Agency of Commerce and Community Development (ACCD), the Agency of Transportation (AOT), the Vermont Department of Health (VDH), and the Agency of Agriculture, Food, and Markets (AAFM) whenever the presence of bees may impact farming or the application of pesticides.

  (c) Upon discovering the presence of a threatened or endangered grassland bird on or in proximity to any farm or land used for farming, the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources shall:

  1. consult with the Secretary of the AAFM prior to requiring a taking permit or engaging in enforcement activities; and

  2. ensure that the regulatory actions taken to protect the species do not cause undue interference with farming.

  5.2 No person shall destroy or adversely impact the designated critical habitat of an endangered or threatened species without a permit.

  5.3 Pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 5408(a) the Secretary may, after receiving the advice of the Endangered Species Committee, grant permits for the taking and possession of an endangered or threatened species:

  (a) for scientific purposes;

  (b) to enhance the propagation or survival of species;

  (c) for zoological exhibition;

  (d) for educational purposes;

  (e) for noncommercial cultural or ceremonial purposes; or

  (f) for a special purpose consistent with the purpose of the Federal Endangered Species Act (see16 U.S.C. § 1531(b)).

  5.4 Pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 5408(b), the Secretary may allow the incidental take of a threatened or endangered species or the destruction or adverse impact to critical habitat only if:

  (a) the taking is necessary to conduct an otherwise lawful activity;

  (b) the taking or the destruction and impact to the critical habitat, is attendant or secondary to, and not the purpose of, the lawful activity;

  (c) the impact of the permitted incidental take or impact to critical habitat is minimized; and

  (d) the incidental taking or the impact to critical habitat will not impair the conservation or recovery of any endangered species or threatened species.

  5.5 An applicant for a Taking and Possession permit shall submit an administratively complete application to the Secretary, specifying for which purpose(s) the permit is required, as listed in 10 V.S.A. § 5408(a) and (b). The permit application shall include:

  (a) a description of the activities that could lead to a taking of a listed threatened or endangered species or the destruction of or adverse impact on critical habitat;

  (b) the steps that the applicant has or will take to avoid, minimize, and mitigate the impact to the relevant threatened or endangered species or critical habitat;

  (c) a plan for ensuring that funding is available to conduct any required monitoring and mitigation, if applicable;

  (d) a summary of the alternative actions to the taking or destruction of critical habitat that the applicant considered and the reasons that these alternatives were not selected, if applicable;

  (e) the name or names and obligations and responsibilities of the person or persons that will be involved in the proposed taking or destruction of critical habitat;

  (f) a description of the possible impacts due to the proposed action, and as applicable a plan for conservation or mitigation;

  (g) permit fees and mitigation funding, if applicable; and

  (h) any additional information that the Secretary may require.

  5.6 Avoidance and Minimization

  (a) Applicants for Taking and Possession permits shall have the burden to show that reasonable steps have been taken to avoid and minimize takings. The Applicant must provide information that demonstrates:

  (1) The proposed activity cannot practicably be designed to avoid taking or the destruction or adverse impact to critical habitat, and still satisfy the basic project purpose; and

  (2) If avoidance of taking of a listed species or the destruction or adverse impact to critical habitat, cannot practicably be achieved, the proposed activity has been planned to minimize adverse impacts on the listed species.

  (b) The Secretary may require an applicant to submit additional information that the Secretary considers necessary to make a decision on the issuance or denial of a permit. The Secretary may dismiss the application without prejudice if the requested information is not provided to the Secretary within sixty (60) days of the Secretary's request.

  (c) In determining whether the burden has been met, the Secretary shall evaluate the potential effect of any proposed activity on the basis of both its direct and immediate effects, as well as on the basis of any cumulative or on-going effects on the listed species.

  (d) The Secretary may develop, and require the implementation of, best management practices (BMPs) to avoid and minimize the taking of threatened and endangered species. The Secretary shall consult with the AAFM, the AOT, VDH, and any other interested state agency prior to finalizing the BMPs.

  5.7 Mitigation

  The Secretary may require the implementation of mitigation strategies and may collect mitigation funds, in addition to the permit fees, in order to mitigate the impacts of a taking or the destruction of or adverse impact on critical habitat. Provided that the mitigation is commensurate with the taking or adverse impact proposed, mitigation may include:

  (a) a requirement to rectify the taking or adverse impact or to reduce the adverse impact over time;

  (b) a requirement to manage or restore land within the area of the proposed activity or in an area outside the proposed area as habitat for the threatened or endangered species, including treatment of conserved areas for the purposes of restoration or propagation of listed species;

  (c) compensation, including payment into the Threatened and Endangered Species Fund for the uses of that Fund; or

  (d) permanent conservation of habitat in which the same species exists, and ongoing monitoring of conserved areas.

  5.8 Hearings

  (a) The Secretary may conduct a non-adversarial, public hearing in order to evaluate the application. Such a hearing will be held within 60 (sixty) days of the receipt of the administratively complete application.

  (b) When a petition has been denied and no public hearing has been held, the Applicant may request in writing to the Secretary that a hearing be held regarding the proposed activity. The Secretary will conduct a hearing within 30 (thirty) days of receipt of the request.

  5.9 The Secretary may require, as part of an issued permit, conditions for the protection and conservation of endangered species.

  5.10 The Secretary shall inform an applicant of a decision to approve or deny a permit no more than 60 (sixty) days following an application being deemed administratively complete unless the Secretary determines there is just cause.

  5.11 The Secretary maintains continuing jurisdiction over activity permitted under this rule and may, at any time, order the permittee to undertake remedial measures to ensure the protection and conservation of listed species.

  6.0 Listing

  6.1 The following list of plants and animals is adopted as the Vermont Endangered and Threatened Species List pursuant to 10 V.S.A., chapter 123.

  Group	Family	English Name	Scientific Name	Author	Date Listed	Sta- tus	Previously Listed As	Notes
  6.2 Plants	Apiaceae- Carrot Family	Long-styled Snakeroot	Sanicula canadensis var. grandis	Fern.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Apiaceae- Carrot Family	Yellow Pimpernel	Taenidia integerrima	(L.) Drude	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Apocyna- ceae-Dog- bane Family	Blunt-leaved Milkweed	Asclepias amplexicaulis	Sm.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Apocyna- ceae-Dog- bane Family	Butterfly-weed	Asclepias tuberosa ssp. tuberosa	L.	04-13-1987	T	Asclepias tuberosa L.
  6.2 Plants	Apocyna- ceae-Dog- bane Family	Whorled Milkweed	Asclepias verticillata	L.	03-28-2015	E
  6.2 Plants	Araceae- Arum Family	Green Dragon	Arisaema dracontium	(L.) Schott	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Aspleniaceae- Spleenwort Family	Mountain Spleenwort	Asplenium montanum	Willd.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Aspleniaceae- Spleenwort Family	Green Spleenwort	Asplenium viride	Huds.	04-13-1987	T	Asplenium trichomanes- ramosum L.
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Sessile-leaved Boneset	Eupatorium sessilifolium	L.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Harsh Sunflower	Helianthus strumosus	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Hairy Lettuce	Lactuca hirsuta	Muhl. ex Nutt.	12-07-1994	T
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Boott’s Rattlesnake- root	Nabalus boottii	D.C.	04-13-1987	E	Prenan- thes boottii (DC.) A. Gray
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Woodland Cudweed	Omalotheca sylvatica	(L.) Schultz- Bip. & F.W. Schultz	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Sweet Coltsfoot	Petasites frigidus var. palmatus	(Ait.) Cronq.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	White- flowered Leafcup	Polymnia canadensis	L.	12-07-1994	E		Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Sweet Goldenrod	Solidago odora ssp. odora	Ait.	04-13-1987	T	Solidago odora Ait.
  6.2 Plants	Astera- ceae-Aster Family	Elm-leaved Goldenrod	Solidago ulmifolia	Muhl. ex Willd.	11-09-1991	E		Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.2 Plants	Betula- ceae- Birch Family	Dwarf Birch	Betula minor	(Tuckerman) Fern.	03-28-2015	E
  6.2 Plants	Blechna- ceae- Chain- fern Family	Virginia Chain-fern	Woodwardia virginica	(L.) Sm.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Boragina- ceae- Borage Family	Northern Wild Comfrey	Cynoglossum virginianum var. boreale	(Fern.) Cooperrider	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Brassica- ceae- Mustard Family	Nodding Stickseed	Hackelia deflexa ssp. americana	(Gray) A. & D. Löve	04-13-1987	T	Hackelia deflexa var. americana (Gray) Fern. & I.M. Johnston
  6.2 Plants	Brassica- ceae- Mustard Family	Lyre-leaved Rock-cress	Arabidopsis lyrata	(L.) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz	04-13-1987	T	Arabis lyrata L.
  6.2 Plants	Brassicaceae- Mustard Family	Drummond’s Rock-cress	Boechera stricta	(Graham) Al- Shehbaz	11-09-1991	E	Arabis drum- mondii A. Gray
  6.2 Plants	Brassicaceae- Mustard Family	Northern Rock-cress	Braya humilis ssp. humilis	(C.A. Mey.) B.L. Robins.	04-13-1987	T	Braya humilis (C.A. Mey) B.L. Rob.
  6.2 Plants	Brassicaceae- Mustard Family	Hoary Draba	Draba cana	Rydb.	04-13-1987	T	Draba breweri var. cana (Rydb.) Rollins
  6.2 Plants	Brassicaceae- Mustard Family	Smooth Draba	Draba glabella	Pursh	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Brassicaceae- Mustard Family	Lake-cress	Rorippa aquatica	(Eat.) Palmer & Steyermark	04-13-1987	T	Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene
  6.2 Plants	Bryaceae- Bryum Moss Family	A Moss	Plagiobryum zieri	(Hedw.) Lindb.	06-23-1989	E
  6.2 Plants	Caprifoliaceae- Honeysuckle Family	Squash- berry	Viburnum edule	(Michx.) Raf.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Caryophylla- ceae-Pink Family	Marcescent Sandwort	Minuartia marcescens	(Fern.) House	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Caryophylla- ceae-Pink Family	Marble Sandwort	Minuartia rubella	(Wahlenb.) Hiern	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Cistaceae- Rock-rose Family	Plains Frostweed	Crocan- the-mum bicknellii	(Fernald) Janchen	04-13-1987	T	Helianthe- mum bick- nellii Fern.
  6.2 Plants	Cistaceae- Rock-rose Family	Beach Heather	Hudsonia tomentosa	Nutt.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Cistaceae- Rock-rose Family	Hairy Pinweed	Lechea mucronata	Raf.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Clusiaceae- St. John’s- wort Family	Great St. John’s-wort	Hypericum ascyron	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Convolvula- ceae-Morn- ing-glory Family	Low Bindweed	Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spitha- maea	(L.) Pursh	04-13-1987	T	Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh
  6.2 Plants	Cornaceae- Dogwood Family	Flowering Dogwood	Cornus florida	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Crassulaceae- Stonecrop Family	Roseroot	Rhodiola rosea	L.	04-13-1987	T	Sedum rosea L. Scop.
  6.2 Plants	Cupressaceae- Cypress Family	Creeping Juniper	Juniperus horizontalis	Moench	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Contracted Sedge	Carex arcta	Boott	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Blackish Sedge	Carex atratiformis	Britt.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Buxb- aum’s Sedge	Carex buxbaumii	Wahlenb.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Capillary Sedge	Carex capillaris ssp. capillaris	L.	04-13-1987	T	Carex capillaris L.
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Creeping Sedge	Carex chordorrhiza	Ehrh. ex L. f	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Bronze Sedge	Carex foenea	Willd.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Garber’s Sedge	Carex garberi	Fern.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Houghton’s Sedge	Carex houghtoniana	Torr. ex Dewey	02-10-2022	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Pale Sedge	Carex livida	(Wahlenb.) Willd.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Nerveless Muehlen- berg Sedge	Carex muehlen- bergii var. enervis	Boott	04-13-1987	T	Carex muehlen- bergii Schkuhr ex Willd.
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Muehlen- berg’s Sedge	Carex muehlen- bergii var. muehlen- bergii	Schkuhr ex Willd.	04-13-1987	T	Carex muehlen- bergii Schkuhr ex Willd.
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Few-fruited Sedge	Carex oligocarpa	Schkuhr ex Willd.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Richard- son’s Sedge	Carex richardsonii	R. Br.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Hay Sedge	Carex siccata	Dewey	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Sheathed Sedge	Carex vaginata	Tausch	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Low Flatsedge	Cyperus diandrus	Torr.	06-23-1989	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Houghton’s Flatsedge	Cyperus houghtonii	Torr.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Few-flower- ed Spike- rush	Eleoch- aris quinqueflora	(F.X. Hartmann) Schwarz	04-13-1987	T	Eleoch- aris pauciflora (Lightf.) Link
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Autumn Fimbristylis	Fimbristylis autumnalis	(L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Capillary Beak-rush	Rhyncho- spora capillacea	Torr.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Barbed- bristle Bulrush	Scirpus ancistro- chaetus	Schuyler	11-09-1991	E		Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.2 Plants	Cyperaceae- Sedge Family	Bashful Bulrush	Trichopho- rum plani- folium	(Spreng.) Palla	11-09-1991	E	Scirpus verecun- dus Fern.	Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.2 Plants	Diapensia- ceae-Dia- pensia Family	Diapensia	Diapensia lapponica ssp. lapponica	L.	04-13-1987	E	Diapensia lapponica L.
  6.2 Plants	Dryopterida- ceae-Wood- fern Family	Male Fern	Dryopteris filix-mas ssp. brittonii	Fraser- Jenkins & Widen	04-13-1987	T	Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
  6.2 Plants	Dryopterida- ceae-Wood- fern Family	Alpine Woodsia	Woodsia alpina	(Bolton) S.F. Gray	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Equisetaceae- Horsetail Family	Marsh Horsetail	Equisetum palustre	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Ericaceae- Heath Family	Pinedrops	Pterospora andromedea	Nutt.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Ericaceae- Heath Family	Bog Win- tergreen	Pyrola asarifolia ssp. asarifolia	Michx.	11-09-1991	T	Pyrola asarifolia Michx.
  6.2 Plants	Ericaceae- Heath Family	Lesser Pyrola	Pyrola minor	L.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Ericaceae- Heath Family	Great Laurel	Rhododendron maximum	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Ericaceae- Heath Family	Deerberry	Vaccinium stamineum	L.	12-07-1994	E
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Canada Milk-vetch	Astragalus canadensis var. canadensis	L.	04-13-1987	T	Astragalus canaden- sis L.
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Jesup’s Milk-vetch	Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupii	Egglest. & Sheldon	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Rattlebox	Crotalaria sagittalis	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Large- bracted Tick-trefoil	Desmodium cuspidatum	(Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Prostrate Tick-trefoil	Desmodium rotundifolium	DC.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Beach Pea	Lathyrus japonicus var. mari- timus	(L.) Kartesz & Gandhi	04-13-1987	T	Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigelow
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Marsh Vetchling	Lathyrus palustris	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Violet Bush-clover	Lespedeza frutescens	(L.) Hornem.	04-13-1987	T	Lespedeza violacea auct. non (L.) Pers	Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. is now what was formerly known as L. intermedia (S. Watts) Britton and is not listed.
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Hairy Bush- clover	Lespedeza hirta ssp. hirta	(L.) Hornem.	11-09-1991	T	Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Wild Lupine	Lupinus perennis ssp. perennis	L.	03-18-1999	E	Lupinus perennis L.	Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.2 Plants	Fabaceae- Pea Family	Wild Senna	Senna hebecarpa	(Fern.) Irwin & Barneby	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Fagaceae- Beech Family	Scrub Oak	Quercus ilicifolia	Wangenh.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Fagaceae- Beech Family	Dwarf Chinqua- pin Oak	Quercus prinoides	Willd.	04-23-2005	E
  6.2 Plants	Gentianaceae- Gentian Family	Fringe-top Closed Gentian	Gentiana andrewsii	Griseb.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Gentiana- ceae- Gentian Family	Felwort	Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta	(Michx.) J. Gillett	04-13-1987	T	Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner
  6.2 Plants	Gentiana- ceae- Gentian Family	Stiff Gentian	Gentianella quinquefolia	(L.) Small	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Hydrophyll- aceae-Water- leaf Family	Broad-leaved Waterleaf	Hydrophy- llum cana- dense	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Isoetaceae- Quillwort Family	Engelmann’s Quillwort	Isoetes engelmannii	A. Braun	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Isoetaceae- Quillwort Family	Green Mountain Quillwort	Isoetes viridimon- tana	M. Rosen- thal & W.C. Taylor	03-28-2015	E
  6.2 Plants	Juncaceae- Rush Family	Greene’s Rush	Juncus greenei	Oakes & Tuckerman	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Juncaceae- Rush Family	Soldier Rush	Juncus militaris	Bigelow	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Juncaceae- Rush Family	Secund Rush	Juncus secundus	Beauv. ex Poir.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Juncagina- ceae-Arrow- grass Family	Common Arrow- grass	Triglochin maritima	L.	02-16-2011	E
  6.2 Plants	Lamiaceae- Mint Family	Yellow Giant Hyssop	Agast- ache nepetoides	(L.) Kuntze	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Lamiaceae- Mint Family	Purple Giant Hyssop	Agast- ache scrophulariifolia	(Willd.) Kuntze	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Lamiaceae- Mint Family	Smooth Wood-mint	Blephilia hirsuta var. glabrata	Fern.	04-13-1987	T	Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh.) Benth.
  6.2 Plants	Lamiaceae- Mint Family	Hairy Wood-mint	Blephilia hirsuta var. hirsuta	(Pursh) Benth.	04-13-1987	T	Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh.) Benth.
  6.2 Plants	Lamiaceae- Mint Family	American Dragon- head	Dracoceph- alum parvi- florum	Nutt.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Lamiaceae- Mint Family	Obedient Plant	Physostegia virginiana ssp. virgin- iana	(L.) Benth.	04-13-1987	T	Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
  6.2 Plants	Lamiaceae- Mint Family	Hoary Mountain- mint	Pycnan- themum incanum var. incanum	(L.) Michx.	11-09-1991	E	Pycnan- themum incanum (L.) Michx.
  6.2 Plants	Lentibular- iaceae- Bladder- wort Family	North- eastern Bladder- wort	Utricularia resupinata	B.D. Greene ex Bigelow	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Liliaceae- Lily Family	Wild Garlic	Allium cana- dense var. cana- dense	L.	04-13-1987	T	Allium cana- dense L.
  6.2 Plants	Liliaceae- Lily Family	White Camas	Anticlea elegans ssp. glauca	(Nutt.) A. Haines	11-15-2012	E	Anticlea glauca (Nutt.) Kunth
  6.2 Plants	Lygodia- ceae- Climbing Fern Family	Climbing Fern	Lygodium palmatum	(Bernh.) Sw.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Magnolia- ceae- Magnolia Family	Tulip Tree	Lirioden- dron tulip- ifera	L.	03-28-2015	E
  6.2 Plants	Melastoma- taceae- Mela- stome Family	Virginia Meadow- beauty	Rhexia virginica	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Moraceae- Mulberry Family	Red Mulberry	Moras rubra	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Nymphaea- ceae-Water- lily Family	Dwarf Water-lily	Nymph- aea leibergii	Morong	04-23-2005	E
  6.2 Plants	Onagraceae- Evening- primrose Family	Many- fruited False- loosestrife	Ludwigia polycarpa	Short & Peter	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Ophioglossa- ceae- Adder’s- tongue Family	Mingan Moonwort	Botrychium minganense	Victorin	02-16-2011	E
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Putty- root	Aplectrum hyemale	(Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Arethusa	Arethusa bulbosa	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Fairy Slipper	Calypso bulbosa var. americana	(R. Br. ex Ait. f.) Luer	04-13-1987	T	Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Autumn Coral-root	Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. odon- torhiza	(Willd.) Nutt.	04-13-1987	T	Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt.
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Ram’s Head Lady’s- slipper	Cypripedium arietinum	Ait. f.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Small Whorled Pogonia	Isotria medeo- loides	(Pursh) Raf.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Large Whorled Pogonia	Isotria verticillata	Raf.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Lily- leaved Tway- blade	Liparis liliifolia	(L.) L.C Rich, ex Ker-Gawl.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	White Adder’s- mouth	Malaxis monophy- llos var. brachypoda	(Gray) F. Morris & Eames	04-13-1987	T	Malaxis brachypoda (A.Gray) Fern.
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Auricled Tway- blade	Neottia auriculata	(Wiegand) Szlachetko	04-13-1987	E	Listera auriculata Wieg.
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Southern Tway- blade	Neottia bifolia	(Raf.) Baumbach	04-13-1987	E	Listera australis Lindl.
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Tubercled Orchid	Platanthera flava var. herbiola	(R. Br. ex Ait. f.) Luer	04-13-1987	T	Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl.
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Hooker’s Orchid	Platanthera hookeri	(Torr. ex Gray) Lindl.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Orchidaceae- Orchid Family	Three-bird Orchid	Triphora triantho- phoros ssp. triantho- phoros	(Sw.) Rydb.	04-13-1987	T	Triphora triantho- phora (Sw.) Rydb.
  6.2 Plants	Orobancha- ceae-Can- cer-root Family	Pale Painted- cup	Castilleja septentrion- alis	Lindl.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Papavera- ceae- Poppy Family	Golden Corydalis	Corydalis aurea	Willd.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Pinaceae- Pine Family	Jack Pine	Pinus banksiana	Lamb.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Plantagi- naceae- Plantain Family	Mare’s-tail	Hippuris vulgaris	L.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Plantagi- naceae- Plantain Family	Culver’s- root	Veronica- strum virgini- cum	(L.) Farw.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Champlain Beach Grass	Ammophila breviligulata ssp. champ- lainensis	(Seymour) P.J. Walker, CA. Paris & Barrington ex Barkworth	04-13-1987	E	Ammophila champlain- ensis Seymour
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Alpine Sweet- grass	Anthoxan- thum monti- cola ssp. monticola	(Bigelow) Veldkamp	04-13-1987	T	Hierochloe alpina (Swartz) R. & S.; Anthoxan- thum monti- cola (Bige- low) Veld- kamp
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Pickering’s Reed- grass	Calama- grostis pickeringii	Gray	02-16-2011	E
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Bentgrass	Calama- grostis stricta ssp. inexpansa	(Gray) C.W. Greene	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Sharp Manna- grass	Glyceria acutiflora	Torr.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Stiff Witch- grass	Panicum flexile	(Gattinger) Scribn.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Slender Mountain- rice	Piptathe- ropsis pungens	(Torr.) Romasch., P.M. Peter- son & Soreng	11-09-1991	T	Oryzopsis pungens (Torr.) Hitchc; Piptatherum pungens (Torr ex Spreng.) Dorn
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Shiny Wedgegrass	Sphenopholis nitida	(Biehler) Scribn.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Blunt Sphenopholis	Sphenopholis obtusata	(Michx.) Scribn.	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Rough Dropseed	Sporobolus compositus var. compo- situs	(Poir.) Merr.	04-13-1987	E	Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr.; Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth
  6.2 Plants	Poaceae- Grass Family	Eight- flowered Fescue	Vulpia octoflora var. tenella	(Willd.) Fern.	11-09-1991	E	Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb.
  6.2 Plants	Polemonia- ceae-Phlox Family	Eastern Jacob’s Ladder	Polemon- ium van- bruntiae	Britt.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Polygona- ceae-Buck- wheat Family	Douglas’ Knotweed	Polygon- um doug- lasii	Greene	11-09-1991	E
  6.2 Plants	Primula- ceae-Prim- rose Family	Bird’s- eye Prim- rose	Primula mistass- inica	Michx.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Pterida- ceae-Maid- enhair-fern Family	Green Mountain Maidenhair- fern	Adiantum viridimon- tanum	Paris	12-07-1994	T
  6.2 Plants	Ranuncu- laceae- Buttercup Family	Early Thimble- weed	Anemone multifida var. multi- fida	Poir.	04-13-1987	E	Anemone multifida Poir.
  6.2 Plants	Ranuncu- laceae- Buttercup Family	Golden- seal	Hydrastis canadensis	L.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Ranuncu- laceae- Buttercup Family	Allegheny Crowfoot	Ranun- culus alle- gheniensis	Britt.	11-09-1991	T
  6.2 Plants	Ranuncu- laceae- Buttercup Family	Rue- anemone	Thalic- trum thali- ctroides	(L.) Eames & Boivin	02-10-2022	E
  6.2 Plants	Rhamn- aceae- Buckthorn Family	Prairie Redroot	Ceanothus herbaceus	Raf.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Rosaceae- Rose Family	Northern Cinquefoil	Potentilla litoralis	Rydb.	11-09-1991	E	Potentilla pensylvan- ica var. bipinnati- fida (Doug- las) T. & G.
  6.2 Plants	Rosaceae- Rose Family	Wild Plum	Prunus americana	Marsh.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Rosaceae- Rose Family	Susque- hanna Sand Cherry	Prunus susquehanae	hort. ex Willd.	11-16-2012	E
  6.2 Plants	Rosaceae- Rose Family	Needle- spine Rose	Rosa acicularis ssp. sayi	(Schwein) W.H. Lewis	11-09-1991	E	Rosa acicularis Lindl.
  6.2 Plants	Rubiaceae- Madder Family	Bog Bedstraw	Galium labrador- icum	(Wieg.) Wieg.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Salicaceae- Willow Family	Tea- leaved Willow	Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia	Pursh	04-13-1987	T	Salix planifolia Pursh
  6.2 Plants	Salicaceae- Willow Family	Bearberry Willow	Salix uva-ursi	Pursh	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Scheuchze- riaceae- Scheuch- zeria Family	Pod- grass	Scheuch- zeria palustris	L.	04-13-1987	T
  6.2 Plants	Spargania- ceae-Bur- reed Family	Lesser Bur-reed	Spar- ganium natans	L.	11-09-1991	T
  6.2 Plants	Sphagna- ceae-Sphag- num Family	A Peat- moss	Sphag- num sub- fulvum	Sjors	06-23-1989	E	Sphagnum nitidum Warnstorf
  6.2 Plants	Tofieldia- ceae-False Asphodel Family	Sticky False- asphodel	Triantha glutinosa	(Michx.) Baker	04-13-1987	T	Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Baker
  6.2 Plants	Ulmaceae- Elm Family	Cork Elm (Rock Elm)	Ulmus thomasii	Sarg.	02-16-2011	T
  6.2 Plants	Valeriana- ceae-Vale- rian Family	Marsh Valerian	Valeriana uliginosa	(Torr. & Gray) Rydb.	04-13-1987	E
  6.2 Plants	Violaceae- Violet Family	Lance- leaved Violet	Viola lanceo- lata ssp. lanceo- lata	L.	04-13-1987	T	Viola lanceo- lata L.
  6.2 Plants	Xyridaceae- Yellow-eyed- grass Family	Northern Yellow- eyed-grass	Xyris montana	Ries	04-13-1987	T
  6.3 Amphipods	Crangonyc- tidae-A Gammarid Amphipod Family	Taconic Cave Amphipod	Stygo- bromus borealis		12-07-1994	E
  6.4.1 Insects	Apidae- Bee Family	Rusty- patched Bumble Bee	Bombus affinis		03-28-2015	E
  6.4.1 Insects	Apidae- Bee Family	Ashton Cuckoo Bumble Bee	Bombus ashtoni		03-28-2015	E
  6.4.1 Insects	Apidae- Bee Family	American Bumble Bee	Bombus pensylvan- icus		02-10-2022	E
  6.4.1 Insects	Apidae- Bee Family	Yellow- banded Bumble Bee	Bombus terricola		03-28-2015	T
  6.4.2 Insects	Carabidae- Ground Beetle Family	Hairy- necked Tiger Beetle	Cicindela hirticollis		12-07-1994	T
  6.4.2 Insects	Carabidae- Ground Beetle Family	Cobble- stone Tiger Beetle	Cicindela margini- pennis		04-13-1987	T
  6.4.2 Insects	Carabidae- Ground Beetle Family	Puritan Tiger Beetle	Ellipsop- tera puri- tana		12-07-1994	T	Cicindela puritana
  6.5 Mollusks	Margariti- feridae -Pearl Mussel Family	Eastern Pearlshell	Margar- itifera margari- tifera		12-07-1994	T
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Dwarf Wedge- mussel	Alasmi- donta heterodon		11-09-1991	E		Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Brook Floater	Alasmi- donta vari- cosa		02-10-2022	E		Listed as Threatened on 12-07- 1994.
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Cylindrical Papershell	Anodon- toides ferussa- cianus		03-18-1999	E
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Pocket- book	Lampsilis ovata		03-18-1999	E
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Fluted- shell	Lasmi- gona co- stata		03-18-1999	E
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Fragile Paper- shell	Lepto- dea fra- gilis		03-18-1999	E
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Black Sandshell	Ligumia recta		03-18-1999	E		Listed as Threatened on 12-07- 1994.
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Pink Heel- splitter	Potami- lus alatus		03-18-1999	E
  6.5 Mollusks	Unionidae- Unionid Mussel Family	Giant Floater	Pygano- don gran- dis		03-18-1999	T
  6.6 Fish	Acipen- seridae- Sturgeon Family	Lake Sturgeon	Acipenser fulvescens		04-13-1987	E
  6.6 Fish	Ictaluridae- North Amer- ican Fresh- water Cat- fish Family	Stonecat	Noturus flavus		12-07-1994	E
  6.6 Fish	Percidae- Perch Family	Eastern Sand Darter	Ammo- crypta pellucida		04-13-1987	T
  6.6 Fish	Percidae- Perch Family	Channel Darter	Percina copelandi		03-18-1999	E
  6.6 Fish	Petromyzon- tidae-Lamp- rey Family	Northern Brook Lamprey	Ichthyo- myzon fossor		11-09-1991	E		Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.6 Fish	Petromyzon- tidae-Lamp- rey Family	American Brook Lamprey	Lethen- teron ap- pendix		04-13-1987	T	Lampetra appendix
  6.7 Amphibians	Bufonidae- Toad Family	Fowler’s Toad	Anaxyrus fowleri		03-28-2015	E
  6.7 Amphibians	Hylidae- New World Tree Frog Family	Boreal Chorus Frog	Pseuda- cris mac- ulata		11-15-2012	E
  6.8 Reptiles	Colubridae- Colubrid Snake Family	North American Racer	Coluber constrict- or		04-23-2005	T
  6.8 Reptiles	Colubridae- Colubrid Snake Family	Eastern Ratsnake	Panther- ophis alleghan- iensis		04-23-2005	T	Elaphe obsoleta
  6.8 Reptiles	Emydidae- Box Turtle and Pond Turtle Family	Spotted Turtle	Clemmys guttata		03-18-1999	E		Listed as Threatened on 06-23- 1989.
  6.8 Reptiles	Scincidae- Skink Family	Common Five-lined Skink	Plestiodon fasciatus		04-13-1987	E	Eumeces fasciatus
  6.8 Reptiles	Trionychi- dae-Soft- shell Turtle Family	Spiny Softshell	Apalone spinifera		04-13-1987	T
  6.8 Reptiles	Viperidae- Viper and Pit Viper Family	Timber Rattle- snake	Crotalus horridus		04-13-1987	E
  6.9 Birds	Caprimul- gidae- Nightjar Family	Eastern Whip- poor-will	Antrosto- mus voci- ferus		11-15-2012	T	Capri- mulgus voci- ferus
  6.9 Birds	Caprimul- gidae- Nightjar Family	Common Nighthawk	Chordeiles minor		11-15-2012	E
  6.9 Birds	Icteridae- Blackbird Family	Rusty Blackbird	Euphagus carolinus		03-28-2015	E
  6.9 Birds	Icteridae- Blackbird Family	Eastern Meadow- lark	Sturnella magna		02-10-2022	T
  6.9 Birds	Laniidae- Shrike Family	Logger- head Shrike	Lanius ludovi- cianus		04-13-1987	E
  6.9 Birds	Laridae- Gull and Tern Family	Black Tern	Chlidonias niger		04-23-2005	E		Listed as Threatened on 12-07- 1994.
  6.9 Birds	Laridae- Gull and Tern Family	Common Tern	Sterna hirundo		07-30-1988	E		Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.9 Birds	Passerel- lidae-New World Spar- row Family	Grasshop- per Spar- row	Ammodram- us savannar- um		03-18-1999	T
  6.9 Birds	Passerel- lidae-New World Spar- row Family	Henslow’s Sparrow	Centronyx henslowii		04-13-1987	E	Ammo- dramus henslowii
  6.9 Birds	Phasianidae- Turkey, Grouse, Pheasant and Partridge Family	Spruce Grouse	Canachites canadensis		07-30-1988	E	Falcipen- nis cana- densis
  6.9 Birds	Scolopacidae- Sandpiper, Snipe and Relatives Family	Upland Sandpiper	Bartramia longicauda		04-23-2005	E		Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.9 Birds	Troglody- tidae-Wren Family	Sedge Wren	Cistothorus stellaris		03-18-1999	E	Cistothor- us plate- nsis	Listed as Threatened on 04-13-1987.
  6.10 Mammals	Felidae- Cat Family	Canadian Lynx	Lynx canadensis		04-13-1987	E
  6.10 Mammals	Felidae- Cat Family	Eastern Mountain Lion	Puma concolor couguar		04-13-1987	E	Felis concolor couguar
  6.10 Mammals	Mustelidae- Weasel Family	American Marten	Martes americana		04-13-1987	E
  6.10 Mammals	Vesperti- lioni-dae- Evening Bat and Vesper Bat Family	Eastern Small- footed Bat	Myotis leibii		04-13-1987	T
  6.10 Mammals	Vesperti- lioni-dae- Evening Bat and Vesper Bat Family	Little Brown Bat	Myotis lucifugus		07-15-2011	E
  6.10 Mammals	Vesperti- lioni-dae- Evening Bat and Vesper Bat Family	Northern Long-ear- ed Bat	Myotis septentrion- alis		07-15-2011	E
  6.10 Mammals	Vesperti- lioni-dae- Evening Bat and Vesper Bat Family	Indiana Bat	Myotis sodalis		04-13-1987	E
  6.10 Mammals	Vesperti- lioni-dae- Evening Bat and Vesper Bat Family	Tri-colored Bat	Perimyotis subflavus		11-15-2012	E

  (Added 1989, Regulation of the Secretary Agency of Natural Resources, eff. June 23, 1989; amended 1991, Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Nov. 9, 1991; amended 1995, Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Dec. 7, 1994; amended 1999, Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Mar. 18, 1999; 2005 Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Apr. 28, 2005; 2011 Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. July 15, 2011; 2012 Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Nov. 15, 2012; 2014, No. 116 (Adj. Sess.), § 13; 2015 Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Mar. 28, 2015; 2022 Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Feb. 10, 2022.)