§ 9—105A. Control of electronic money
(a) A person has control of electronic money if:
(1) the electronic money, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic
money, or a system in which the electronic money is recorded gives the person:
(A) power to avail itself of substantially all the benefit from the electronic money;
and
(B) exclusive power, subject to subsection (b) of this section, to:
(i) prevent others from availing themselves of substantially all the benefit from the
electronic money; and
(ii) transfer control of the electronic money to another person or cause another person
to obtain control of other electronic money as a result of the transfer of the electronic
money; and
(2) the electronic money, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic
money, or a system in which the electronic money is recorded enables the person readily
to identify itself in any way, including by name, identifying number, cryptographic
key, office, or account number, as having the powers under subdivision (1) of this
subsection.
(b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, a power is exclusive under subdivisions
(a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii) of this section even if:
(1) the electronic money, a record attached to or logically associated with the electronic
money, or a system in which the electronic money is recorded limits the use of the
electronic money or has a protocol programmed to cause a change, including a transfer
or loss of control; or
(2) the power is shared with another person.
(c) A power of a person is not shared with another person under subdivision (b)(2) of
this section and the person’s power is not exclusive if:
(1) the person can exercise the power only if the power also is exercised by the other
person; and
(2) the other person:
(A) can exercise the power without exercise of the power by the person; or
(B) is the transferor to the person of an interest in the electronic money.
(d) If a person has the powers specified in subdivisions (a)(1)(B)(i) and (ii) of this
section, the powers are presumed to be exclusive.
(e) A person has control of electronic money if another person, other than the transferor
to the person of an interest in the electronic money:
(1) has control of the electronic money and acknowledges that it has control on behalf
of the person; or
(2) obtains control of the electronic money after having acknowledged that it will obtain
control of the electronic money on behalf of the person. (Added 2025, No. 17, § 9, eff. July 1, 2025.)