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Subchapter 001: POWERS OF THE TOWN
§ 1.1. Corporate existence retained
The inhabitants of the Town of Shelburne, within the corporate limits as now established,
shall continue to be a municipal corporation by the name of the Town of Shelburne.
§ 1.2. General law; application
Except when changed, enlarged, or modified by the provisions of this charter, or by
any legal regulation or ordinance of the Town of Shelburne, all provisions of the
statutes of this State relating to municipalities shall apply to the Town of Shelburne. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 1.3. Powers of the Town
(a) The Town shall have all the powers granted to towns and municipal corporations by
the Constitution and laws of this State together with all the implied powers necessary
to carry into execution all the powers granted; it may enact ordinances not inconsistent
with the Constitution and laws of the State of Vermont or with this charter, and impose
civil or criminal penalties for violation thereof, together with the costs of civil
or criminal prosecution, or imprisonment for not more than 60 days, or both.
(b) The Town may acquire property within or without its corporate limits for any Town
purpose, in fee simple or any lesser interest or estate, by purchase, gift, devise,
lease, or condemnation, consistent with the Constitution and laws of the State of
Vermont, and may sell, lease, mortgage, hold, manage, and control such property as
its interest may require.
(c) In this charter, mention of a particular power shall not be construed to be exclusive
or to restrict the scope of the powers that the Town would have if the particular
power were not mentioned. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 1.4. Additional powers
The general grant of authority in section 1.3 of this charter shall include the following:
(1) To adopt and enforce ordinances relating to making and installation of local improvements,
including curbs, sidewalks, sewers, drainage systems, water systems, and streets;
requiring the installation of any or all of such improvements in a manner specified
by the Town as a condition precedent to the issuance of a building permit; apportioning
part or all of the expenses of such improvements against property owners benefitted
thereby; providing for the collection of such assessments and penalties for nonpayment.
(2) To adopt and enforce police ordinances regulating or prohibiting the use of firearms,
air rifles, and devices having a capacity to inflict personal injury, and the parking,
operation, and speed of motor vehicles upon Town and State aid streets and highways,
and to regulate or prohibit any activities constituting a hazard to the safety or
health of the public.
(3) To adopt and enforce ordinances relating to the prevention of pollution of streams,
ponds, and other waterways within the Town.
(4) To adopt and enforce ordinances relating to the cleaning and repair of any premises
when in such condition as to impair the general appearance of the Town, to be injurious
to other property in the vicinity or to be a health hazard, and to control the removal
of rubbish, waste, and objectionable material therefrom.
(5) To adopt and enforce ordinances relating to regulation, licensing, or prohibition
of the storage and accumulation of garbage, ashes, rubbish, refuse, and waste materials;
regulation of the removal and disposal of such materials, licensing for revenue and
regulation or prohibition of the collection, removal, and disposal of such materials
by persons; collection, removal of such materials by the Town either by contract or
by a Town officer or department now existing or created for that purpose; establishment
of service rates to be paid the Town for such service.
(6) To adopt and enforce ordinances prohibiting and punishing willful injuries to trees
planted for shade, ornament, convenience, or use, public and private, and to prevent
and punish trespassing or willful injuries to or upon public or private buildings,
property, or lands.
(7) To adopt and enforce ordinances relating to codes for building construction, including
also wiring and plumbing.
(8) To adopt and enforce ordinances relating to fire prevention and control.
(9) To adopt and enforce ordinances relating to the use, protection, care, and management
of all public recreation facilities and systems of the Town.
(10) To adopt and enforce ordinances for the purpose of regulating and licensing the placing
of mooring buoys, bathing beach markers, swimming floats, speed zone markers, or any
other floating object having no navigational significance in the waters of Shelburne
Pond and Shelburne Bay and other waters of Lake Champlain bordering the Town of Shelburne
and extending 1,000 feet into the lake from the high water mark. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 1.5. Reservation of powers to the Town
Nothing in this charter shall be so construed as in any way to limit the powers and
functions conferred upon the Town of Shelburne and the Selectboard of said Town by
general or special enactments in force or effect or hereafter enacted, and the powers
and functions conferred by this charter shall be cumulative and in addition to the
provisions of such general or special enactments. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 1.6. Ordinances
(a) The Selectboard may provide penalties for the breach of any ordinance authorized by
general law or this charter; may prosecute civilly or criminally any person violating
the same through the Town, police officers, or any other public officer authorized
by law so to do, who for such purposes shall be informing officers; and may maintain
actions to restrain actual or threatened violations of the same. The establishment
of any fine or penalty shall be by ordinance.
(b) Introduction; first and second readings; public hearing.
(1) Every ordinance shall be introduced in writing. The enacting clause of all ordinances shall be “The Selectboard of the Town of Shelburne hereby ordains . . . .” If the Selectboard passes the proposed ordinance upon the first reading, they shall cause a short and concise one-paragraph description of the general topical nature of the proposed ordinance to be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the Town, at least once, together with a notice of the time and place where and when there shall be a public hearing to consider the same for final passage. Such publication shall include reference to a place within the Town where copies of the entire text of the proposed ordinance may be examined. The first of such publications shall be at least one week but not more than two weeks prior to the date of said public hearing.
(2) At the time and place so advertised, or at any time and place to which such hearing
may from time to time be adjourned, such ordinance shall be read in full, except that
by vote of majority of the Selectboard, the ordinance may be read by title, and after
such reading, all persons interested shall be given an opportunity to be heard.
(c) Further consideration; final passage. After such hearing, the Selectboard may finally pass such ordinance with or without
amendment; except that if the Selectboard makes an amendment, it shall cause a short,
concise one-paragraph description of the general topical nature of the amended ordinance
to be published at least once together with a notice of the time and place of a public
hearing at which such amended ordinance will be further considered, which publication
shall be at least three days but not more than 10 days prior to the public hearing.
Such publication shall include a reference to a place within the Town where copies
of the entire text of the amended ordinance may be examined. At the time so advertised
or at any time and place to which such meeting may be adjourned, the amended ordinance
shall be read in full, except that by vote of a majority of the Board the amended
ordinance may be read by title. After such hearing, the Selectboard may finally pass
such amended ordinance or again amend it subject to the same procedure as outlined
herein.
(d) Effective date. Every ordinance shall become effective upon passage unless otherwise specified or,
if the ordinance be conditioned upon approval of the voters of the Town, then upon
a favorable vote of a majority of those voting thereon.
(e) Filing. The Town Clerk shall prepare and keep in the Town Clerk’s office a book of ordinances
that shall contain each ordinance finally passed by the Selectboard together with
a complete index of ordinances according to subject matter.
(f) All ordinances shall be subject to overrule by a special Town meeting as follows:
if, within 30 days after final passage by the Selectboard of any such ordinance, a
petition signed by electors of the Town not less in number than 10 percent of the
number of votes cast in the last municipal election is filed with the Town Clerk requesting
its reference to a special Town meeting, the Selectboard shall fix the time and place
of such meeting, which shall be within 60 days after filing of the petition, and notice
thereof shall be given in the manner provided by law in the calling of a special Town
meeting. An ordinance so referred shall remain in effect upon the conclusion of such
meeting unless electors not less in number than 10 percent of the number of votes
cast in the last municipal election and constituting a majority of those voting thereon,
shall have voted against the ordinance.
(g) Petition for enactment of ordinance; special meeting.
(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (f) of this section, electors of the Town
may at any time petition in the same manner as in subsection (f) of this section for
the enactment of any proposed lawful ordinance by filing such petition, including
the text of such ordinance, with the Town Clerk. The Selectboard shall call a special
Town meeting to be held within 50 days of the date of such filing, unless prior to
such meeting such ordinance shall be enacted by the Selectboard. The warning for
such meeting shall include a short, concise one-paragraph description of the general
topical nature of the proposed ordinance and shall provide for an aye and nay vote
as to its enactment. The warning shall also include reference to a place within the
Town where copies of the entire text of the proposed ordinance may be examined. Such
ordinance shall take effect on the 10th day after the conclusion of such meeting provided
that electors as qualified in subsection (f) of this section, constituting a majority
of those voting thereon, shall have voted in the affirmative.
(2) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any appointments of officers, members
of commissions, or boards made by the Selectboard or to the appointment or designation
of Selectboard members, or to rules governing the procedure of the Selectboard.
(h) Any ordinance adopted since the previous Town report and remaining in effect shall
be published in full in the annual Town report, or, in the alternative, there shall
be a brief summary of each such ordinance, setting forth the principal provisions
thereof. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
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Subchapter 003: OFFICERS
§ 3.1. Generally
The officers of the Town of Shelburne shall be those provided by law for towns, except
as otherwise provided by this charter. Such officers shall have all of the powers
and duties necessary to carry out the provisions of this charter as well as those
provided by law. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 3.2. Elective Officers
The elective officers of the Town shall be:
(1) five Selectboard members;
(2) a Town Clerk;
(3) [Repealed.]
(4) a Moderator; and
(5) a First Constable. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011; amended 2015, No. M-21 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. May 17, 2016.)
§ 3.3. Term of office
(a) Selectboard. Three members of the Selectboard shall have terms of office of three years; two members
shall have terms of office of two years. At each election, one Selectboard member
shall be elected for a three-year term and one for a two-year term. All Selectboard
members shall be elected at large.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in this charter, all elective officers shall hold office
for the term established by law or until their successors are qualified. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 3.4. Removal of elected Town officers
Elected Town officers may be removed for cause by the Selectboard after hearing. Such
hearing shall be public, if the officer so requests. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 3.5. Appointive officers
(a) The Selectboard shall appoint any other officers required by law or this charter.
Such appointment shall be annually, or for such terms established by law.
(b) The Selectboard may create such other appointive officers not provided for by this
charter or required by law as it deems to be in the best interest of the Town.
(c) Appointed terms shall commence April 1 or as soon thereafter as the successor is appointed
and has qualified, unless a different term is established by law. Incumbent appointees
shall serve until April 1 or until their successors are appointed and are qualified
to serve.
(d) Members of the Selectboard shall not be appointed to commissions.
(e) There shall be an Assessing Department, which shall consist of a Chief Assessor and
such assistants as are deemed necessary by the Town Manager with the approval of the
Selectboard. The Chief Assessor and assistants shall be appointed, and may be removed,
by the Selectboard in accordance with this subchapter.
(f) The Selectboard shall appoint, and may remove, a Town Treasurer in accordance with
this subchapter. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011; amended 2015, No. M-21 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. May 17, 2016.)
§ 3.6. Compensation
(a) Compensation paid to the Selectboard shall be set by the voters at Town meeting.
(b) Subject to subsection (a) of this section, the Selectboard shall fix the compensation
of all elective officers and of all officers appointed by the Selectboard.
(c) The Town Manager, with the approval of the Selectboard, shall fix the compensation
of all other officers and employees whose compensation is not fixed by the Selectboard
pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 3.7. Removal of officers appointed by the Board
Officers appointed by the Selectboard may be removed by the Selectboard at any time
with cause after a hearing. The hearing shall be public if the official so requests. (Added 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
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Subchapter 005: SELECTBOARD
§ 5.1. Powers and duties
(a) The members of the Selectboard shall be and constitute the legislative body of the
Town of Shelburne for all purposes required by statutes and except as otherwise herein
specifically provided, shall have all powers and authority given to, and perform all
duties required of town legislative bodies or selectboards under the laws of the State
of Vermont.
(b) Within the limitations of the foregoing, the Selectboard shall have the power to:
(1) Appoint and remove the Town Manager and supervise, create, change, and abolish offices,
commissions, or departments other than the offices, commissions, or departments established
by this charter or by law.
(2) Assign additional duties to offices, commissions, or departments established by this
charter, but may not discontinue or assign to any other office, commission, or department
duties assigned to a particular office, commission, or department established by this
charter or by law.
(3) Appoint the members of all boards, commissions, committees, or similar bodies and
establish their terms of office unless specifically provided otherwise by State statute
or this charter.
(4) Make, amend, and repeal ordinances.
(5) Provide for an independent audit by a certified public accountant or public accountant.
Such independent audit shall be required at least once in every three years.
(6) Inquire into the conduct of any officer, commission, or department and investigate
any and all municipal affairs.
(7) Authorize the application for any grant at any scheduled Selectboard meeting and approve
the terms of any grant agreement. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 5.2. Organization
(a) Forthwith after their election and qualification, the Selectboard shall organize and
elect a Chair and Vice Chair by a majority vote of the entire Board and file a certificate
of such election for record in the office of the Town Clerk.
(b) The Chair of the Board, or in his or her absence the Vice Chair, shall preside at
all meetings of the Board and shall be recognized as the head of the Town government
for all ceremonial purposes. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 5.3. Vacancies
When a vacancy occurs on the Selectboard, the remaining members shall fill the vacancy
until the next annual meeting when the Town shall fill the vacancy for any remaining
portion of the term of the Selectboard member who created the vacancy. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 5.4. Meetings
(a) As soon as possible after the election of the Chair and Vice Chair, the Board shall
fix the time and place of its regular meetings and such meetings shall be held at
least once a month.
(b) The Board shall determine its own rules and order of business.
(c) The presence of three members shall constitute a quorum.
(d) All meetings of the Board shall be conducted in accordance with 1 V.S.A. chapter 5, subchapter 2, as enacted or from time to time amended. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 5.5. Record of proceedings
(a) It shall be the duty of the Selectboard to keep official records of its proceedings,
which shall be open for public inspection.
(b) The minutes of each meeting shall be approved by the Board at its next meeting and
the official copy authenticated by the signature of the Chair and placed on file in
the Town Clerk’s office. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
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Subchapter 007: TOWN MANAGER
§ 7.1. Appointment and compensation
(a) The Selectboard may appoint a Town Manager.
(b) The Manager shall receive such pay as may be fixed by the Selectboard. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 7.2. Qualifications
(a) The Manager shall be chosen solely on the basis of his or her executive and administrative
and professional qualifications.
(b) The Manager shall not take part in the organization or direction of a political party;
serve as a member of a party committee; nor be a candidate for election to any federal,
State, or Town of Shelburne office. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 7.3. Oath; bond
Before entering upon his or her duties, the Manager shall be sworn to the faithful
performance of his or her duties by the Town Clerk and shall give a bond to the Town
in such amount and with such surety as the Selectboard may require. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 7.4. Removal
The Selectboard may remove the Town Manager by a majority vote of its members. At
least 30 days before such removal shall become effective, the Selectboard shall by
a majority vote of its members adopt a preliminary resolution stating the reason for
his or her removal. The Manager may reply in writing and may request a public hearing,
which shall be held not earlier than 20 days nor later than 30 days after the filing
of such request. After such public hearing, if one be requested, and after full consideration,
the Board by a majority vote of its members may adopt a final resolution of removal.
By the preliminary resolution, the Board may suspend the Manager from duty, but the
regular salary of the Manager shall continue to be paid to him or her during the period
of suspension. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 7.5. Absence
To perform his or her duties during his or her temporary absence or disability, the
Manager may, with the consent of the Board, designate by letter filed with the Town
Clerk a qualified administrative officer of the Town. In the event of the failure
of the Manager to make such designation, the Board may by resolution appoint any officer
of the Town to perform the duties of the Manager until he or she shall return or his
or her disability shall cease. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 7.6. Powers and duties
The Town Manager shall be the chief executive officer and the head of the administrative
branch of the Town government and shall be responsible to the Selectboard for the
proper administration of all affairs of the Town. The Manager shall have all powers
and duties laid down by 24 V.S.A. chapter 37, as amended from time to time, and not inconsistent with this charter. Any inconsistency
shall be resolved in favor of the Manager. The Manager shall also have the power and
be required to perform the following:
(1) The Manager shall attend all meetings of the Selectboard, except when his or her removal
is being considered, and keep it informed of the financial condition and future needs
of the Town and shall make such reports as may be required by law, this article, or
ordinance or may be requested by the Selectboard. The Manager shall make such other
reports and recommendations as he or she may deem advisable. The Manager shall perform
such other duties as may be prescribed by this charter or required of him or her by
law, ordinance, or resolution of the Selectboard not inconsistent with this charter.
(2) The Manager shall be an ex-officio member of all boards or commissions appointed by
the Selectboard except the Development Review Board, but may not vote.
(3) The Manager shall prepare the annual budget and submit it to the Selectboard and be
responsible for its administration after adoption.
(4) The Manager shall compile for general distribution at the end of each fiscal year
a complete report on the finances and administrative activities of the Town for the
year.
(5) The Manager shall be responsible for the enforcement of all Town laws and ordinances.
The Manager shall be the administrative officer under the Vermont Planning and Development
Act, with all the powers and duties set forth in said act. The Manager may appoint
an assistant administrative officer with the approval of the Selectboard to exercise
all powers and duties required of the administrative officer under the Vermont Planning
and Development Act.
(6) The Manager shall be responsible for the collection of all taxes due the Town.
(7) The Manager shall be the general purchasing agent of the Town and purchase all supplies
for every department thereof.
(8) The Manager shall be responsible for the operation of all departments of the Town,
not otherwise provided for in this charter.
(9) The Manager shall have exclusive authority to appoint, fix the salary of, suspend,
and remove all employees of the Town appointed by him or her, subject to the provisions
of this charter and with the consent of the Selectboard. However, the appointment
and compensation of any employee of a commission or board of the Town having commissioners,
trustees, or other such governing board shall require the approval of such governing
body.
(10) The Manager may when advisable or proper delegate to subordinate officers and employees
of the Town any duties conferred upon him or her by this charter or by action of the
Selectboard. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
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Subchapter 011: BUDGET
§ 11.1. Fiscal year
The fiscal year of the Town shall begin the first day of July and end on the last
day of June of each calendar year. The fiscal year shall constitute the budget and
accounting year as used in this charter. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.2. Preparation and submission
(a) The Town Manager, at least 45 days before the date of the regular annual Town meeting,
shall submit to the Selectboard a budget in such form required by them.
(b) The budget shall be published not later than four weeks after its submission to the
Selectboard. Said budget as published shall also include an itemized statement of
revenues and expenditures for the preceding fiscal year. The Selectboard shall fix
the time and place for holding a public hearing for the budget and shall give a public
notice of such hearing in a newspaper having general circulation in the Town at least
five days but not more than 15 days before such hearing. Said notice shall include
a designation of the place or places within the Town where copies of the budget are
available for distribution. In the manner provided in this subsection, the directors
of the Shelburne School District shall likewise submit their budget for the next fiscal
year to the public hearing provided for in this subsection. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.3. Town meeting warning and budget
The budget and warning for the annual Town meeting shall be distributed to the legal
voters of the Town at least 10 days before the annual meeting. Distribution shall
be accomplished by posting the Town report on the Town of Shelburne website and making
copies available at the Town Clerk’s office. There shall be included in such distribution
the Selectboard’s best estimate of the tax rate for the next fiscal year based upon
an estimate of the grand list furnished by the Assessor to the Selectboard. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.4. Appropriations
From the effective date of the budget, the several amounts therein stated, as approved
in accordance with section 11.8 of this charter, become appropriated to the several
departments, agencies, entities, and purposes therein named. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.5. Amount to be raised by taxation
Upon passage of the Town budget in accordance with section 11.8 of this charter, the
amount stated therein as the amount to be raised by property taxes shall constitute
a determination of the amount of the levy for the purposes of the Town in the corresponding
tax year and the Selectboard shall levy such taxes on the grand list furnished by
the Assessing Department for the corresponding tax year. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.6. Department budget
The budget for all departments shall include all proposed expenditures and the budget
approved in accordance with section 11.8 of this charter shall include a gross appropriation
for each department for the ensuing fiscal year. The gross appropriation for each
department shall not be exceeded except by consent of the Selectboard, subject to
the provisions of section 11.8 of this charter. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.7. Transfers of appropriations
The Manager may at any time transfer an unencumbered appropriation balance or portion
thereof between general classifications of expenditures within an office, department,
or agency. At the request of the Manager and within the last three months of the
budget year, the Selectboard may by resolution transfer any unencumbered appropriation
balance or portion thereof within the Selectboard’s budget from one department, agency,
or office to another. Notwithstanding the above, no unexpended balance in any appropriation
not included in the Selectboard’s budget shall be transferred or used for any other
purpose. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.7a. General Fund unrestricted fund balance
At the sole discretion of the Selectboard, a General Fund unrestricted reserve may
be established in an amount that may not exceed five percent of the General Fund budget
being considered by the Selectboard for presentation to the voters at Town meeting.
The purpose of the fund shall be to aid in the cash flow and operation of the Town
and to be used for such purpose as may be caused by an emergency. For expenditures
other than an emergency, if in any year a portion of the unrestricted fund balance
is applied as revenue to the General Fund or in a year that the reserve fund exceeds
five percent of the current operating budget, funds must be applied to fund items
found in the Town’s capital improvement plan. (Added 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.8. Adoption of budget
(a) An annual budget shall become effective after adoption by a majority vote of the Town’s
legal voters present and voting by Australian ballot at the annual Town meeting.
If the voters disapprove the proposed budget at the annual Town meeting, the Selectboard
shall proceed to warn a special Town meeting to be held within 60 days of the annual
meeting, for the purposes of considering the disapproved budget. An informational
meeting regarding the proposed budget shall be held the evening preceding the vote
regarding the budget. The vote shall conform to the procedure in use for votes by
Australian ballot at the regular Town meeting.
(b) After the annual budget has been adopted, the Selectboard shall not make any single
appropriation not set forth in the budget that totals in excess of two percent of
the annual operating budget. Any such appropriation made by the Selectboard shall
only be done if they deem an emergency situation requires such appropriation. Such
emergency appropriations shall be reported to the next annual Town meeting. Any single
appropriation in excess of said two percent shall require prior approval by vote by
Australian ballot at a duly warned Town meeting. The issuance of bonds or notes,
except notes for one year or less or in anticipation of revenue or grants and aid
to be paid within the fiscal year in which issued, shall be authorized by Australian
ballot at the annual or a special Town meeting. Any article in the warning providing
for appropriation of funds in addition to the Selectboard’s budget shall be voted
on by Australian ballot. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)
§ 11.9. Balloting at Town meetings
The Selectboard, at its discretion, shall determine which articles to be submitted
to the voters at any annual or special Town meeting shall be voted on by Australian
ballot, unless other provisions of this charter or the laws of this State require
Australian balloting for a particular issue. (Amended 2011, No. M-7, § 2, eff. May 17, 2011.)